Who was ayub khan? (4)

• pakistans first military dictator, martial law administrator
• second president of Pakistan
• his 10 years in power are known as decade of development
• He introduced basic democracies
• ayub khan remained in power from 1958-1968

Describe the U-2 incident. [4]

• In 1960, during the Cold War, a U.S. U-2 spy plane was shot down while conducting a secret mission over the Soviet Union. USSR RUSSIA
• The plane took off from a U.S. base in Peshawar, Pakistan.
• Soviet forces shot it down, captured the pilot, Gary Powers, and imprisoned him.
• The USSR threatened Pakistan for allowing U.S. spy flights, worsening relations.
• The U.S. was forced to stop using Pakistani airbases for secret missions.

Why was martial law imposed? [7]

or

Why did Gen Ayub khan declare Martial law? [7]

• Political instability
  • there were number of prime minister between 1951- 1958
  • inexperienced politicians had great difficulty in running the government
• Iskandar Mirza lost support of leading politicians
  • Iskandar mirza, in his tenure changed 4 prime ministers
  • his tenure was seen as the most unstable one
  • he called in army for help, when he found out, about the plan of H.S suhrawardy, who was uniting East and West politicians in overthrowing MIRZA
  • between 1955-58 only, 5 PM’s came and tried to stabilise the govt but failed
• disagreements and deadlocks
  • there were disagreements between east and west pakistan
  • east pakistani, had little to no role in govt decision making
  • hence there were tensions which increased between east and west,
  • as a result army stepped in

WHY WAS ISLAMABAD CHOSEN AS THE NEW CAPITAL OF PAKISTAN? [7]

• Karachi wasnt considered safe from a military perspective
  • it was located on coast, hence vulnerable to attacks
  • in war time, any country cud attack the capital from arabian sea
  • islamabad was considered a safe location as its located on the foothills of himalyas
• Closer to military headquarters
  • islamabad was chosen as it was closer to military headquarters of paksitan
  • ayub wanted to be close to military HQ
  • he wanted this as he was head of 2 positions, prez and chief commander
  • army HQ were in Rawalpindi and Capital at karachi.