Elections

• Hazrat Ali became the leader (caliph) in 656 AD after Hazrat Uthman was killed.
• The people who killed Hazrat Uthman were in a rush to choose a new leader. They wanted to do this before people returned from their hajj to Madina.
• They first asked Hazrat Talha and Hazrat Zubair to become the leaders, but both said no. The Ansars (helpers) also said no, saying Hazrat Ali was the best choice.
• The rebels gave a warning: they would take harsh actions if a new leader wasn't chosen within 24 hours.
• At first, Hazrat Ali said no when asked to be a leader. But when respected companions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the people of Madina requested him, he finally agreed.
• his oath/bayt was taken publicly, on his demand. in 656ad

In office

• Firstly, Hazrat Ali (RZ) didn’t take immediate steps to punish the assassins. of Hazrat Uthman (RZ).
• He didn’t punish the assassin as he focused on reorganization and unity of Islamic. Empire First.
• This created confusion and misunderstanding between the Muslim leaders and people about Hazrat Ali (RZ) being involved in the conspiracy.
• They thought Hazrat Ali (RZ) wasn’t willingly punishing the rebels and was continuing the rivalry among Hashemite and Umayyads though the caliph was targeting the root causes of all the conflicts and uprisings which were discontent and disunity.
• Secondly, he changed the governors of all provinces.
• H.ali considered that governors were another main reason for the disturbance in H.Usman’s caliphate
• He was advised by his friends, not to change governors who were there for a long time. H ali still did it.
• Usman bin Hanif (RA) was appointed as the governor of Basra, Saad bin Ubadah as the governor of Egypt.
• Syria, under Ameer Muawiya, distanced itself, H.Muawiya demanded murderers of H.Usman.

Battle of camel/jamal [10]

causes

• After being elected as the caliph, Hazrat Ali (RZ) did not take immediate steps to punish the assassins of Hazrat Uthman (RZ).