election

• H. abu bakr nominated H.umars name for the caliphate. and no one had any issues abt him
• H.talha raised an issue, that H.Umar is a bit harsh, to which H.abu Bakr, that caliphate will make him mild.

adiminstration

• Umar’s period as caliph is regarded as the golden era in Islamic history
• empire expanded vastly
• he introduced administrative reforms as well
• As the empire expanded ‘Umar divided the state into 12 provinces and appointed qualified and experienced governors to run the states. These qualified and experienced governors were known as Wali.
• The whole Islamic state was divided into 12 provinces
• The provinces were divided further into districts and placed under Amils.
• the governors were not to wear costly clothes, or keep guards at their doors.
• Officials were carefully examined when starting and leaving government jobs. Officials were instructed to live simply. Discouraged from extravagant spending. Kept under scrutiny to ensure they serve public interests.

judiciary (judge/ law)

• Hazrat Umar (RA) appointed Qazi (judge) as the head of judiciary.
• The Qazi was completely independent of provincial governor, even caliph could be called to court.
• H. umar disliked it when once he appeared in the court as a defendant and the judge showed respect to him.

Bait ul Maal

• He built separate Bait-ul-Maal (treasury) in each province and a honest person was appointed in charge known as Deewan.
• Registers were kept where income and expense accounts were entered.
• After meeting the expenses of the provinces surplus amount was sent to Madinah.