1919-1924

it was an agitation by indian muslims who were later joined hindu indian nationalists in a joint struggle for independence and to actually pressurise the brit gov to preserve the authority of the ottoman caliph after Turkey lost world war I against british and allied forces. in 1920 treaty of Sevres imposed partition of the Ottoman empire, at that point the Khilafah mvmnt actually gained momentum. it came to an end when turkey itself abolished Khilafah in 1924.

REASONS TO LAUNCH KHILAFAH MOVEMENT.

Q. Why was Khilafat movement launched? 7

Q. Why was Khilafat movement founded? 7

Q. Were concerns about british policies towards the muslims the most important reason for the foundation of khilafat movement? 14

Q. Was the Khilafat movement founded because the muslim feared the breakup of Turkey after first world war? 14

1. protection of institute of caliph: britain and US wanted to abolish caliphate, hence protection of caliphate was muslims’s priority and responsibility, as he was a symbolic religious and political leader of all the muslism in the wrld. indian muslim held him in high regard.
2. to protect the ottomon empire: it was the largest muslim empire and a symbol of unification for ummah, it was the only muslim power which had some Authority. partition of the empire would mean a blow to Islam and its sovreginty
3. Protection of Holy places: partition of empire meant that holy places like Makkah and Madinah, wud fall into the hands of US and Britain. muslims have strong religious attachment to these places, hence their sanctity of top priority.
4. Attaining self-rule. when muslims started the mvmnt, gandhi saw an opportunity for self-rule hence joined in with congress, as a result it became a joint indian muslim struggle, which kind of diverted ideology of the mvmnt from khilafah to self rule.
5. Muslims felt Betrayed. During ww1, british promised the indian muslims that if they(indian muslims) help british in war, then british wud not harm the ottoman caliphate. british did this to get muslims to fight alongside with Allies, and so that there will be no uprising in india. even the prezz of USA guaranteed the sovereignty of the caliphate, on this assurance muslims fought for british, and to muslims dismay this promise wasnt kept in the end. britishers were keen on dismantling the caliphate and muslims felt betrayed hence they started khilafa MVMNT.

REASONS FOR THE FAILURES OF KHILAFAT MVMNT

Q. Why did khilafat movement fail by 1924? 7

Q. was the withdrawal of ghandhi’s support the most important reason for the decline of khilafat movement? explain ur answer. 14

Q. was the immigration to Afghanistan the most important why the khilafat movement failed? give reasons for your answer. 14

1. chauri chaura incident: khilafat movement failed because, after gandhi started his Swaraj movement, to support khilafat movement, protests, strikes and demonstrations broke out in all of the subcontinent. a few protests turned violent, in 1922 at a village called chauri chaura trouble started between police and a mob. police fired on a political procession and in retaliation 21 policement were killed and the mob set fire to the police stations. as a result of this gandhi was dissapointed and called off his support and campaign of civil disobeidence which harmed the khilafat movement. this angered muslims and weakened hindu-muslim unity. it also weakened support for khilafat movement
2. hijrat movement: religious leaders like mulana abul kalam and abdul bari, declared india darulharb or land of war, and persuaded muslims to migrate to Afghanistan. consequently, 18000 muslims migrated to afghanistan in religious protest against the brit gov. however the afghan gov was hostile to migrants and didnt allow them to settle, instead sent them back forcibly. lot of women children and old ppl died on their way back. lots lost homes jobs and were penniless. this event dispirited the muslims.
3. khilafat movement’s failure was also brought by the fact that Mustafa kemal Ataturk himself abolished caliphate in 1924 and formed a nationalist government. he laid the foundation of a modern and a more secular turkey. the turks themselves did what indian muslims were protesting for, i.e abolishment of caliphate, hence it came as the final major blow and a total defeat for khilafat movement.