REASONS FOR THE DECLINE OF MUGHAL EMPIRE

INTERNAL CAUSES

His intolerance towards non-Muslims, imposition of Jizya (tax on non-Muslims), destruction of Hindu temples, banning of suttee and suppression of Hindu practices alienated the majority Hindu population.
Aurangzeb imposed higher taxes (5% custom duty) on non-Muslims traders compared to Muslims traders (2%), creating resentment among Hindus and other religious groups. His favourtism towards Sunni Muslims and persecution of Shias and other religious groups weakened internal unity and support for the empire.
Non-Muslims were excluded from high-ranking positions, limiting their economic and social progress, which further alienated them.

Aurangzeb’s extravagant spending on wars, palaces, and mosques drained the treasury.
Heavy taxation to fund military campaigns, like the Deccan wars (against marathas), caused widespread discontent among the people.
The empire’s economy weakened, leading to financial instability and contributing to its downfall.

After Aurangzeb, his successors were lazy, corrupt, and incompetent. They focused on luxury and pleasure rather than governance.
they spent time gambling, music and drinking. they wore fine clothes and jewellery. they became complacent and thought that success will go on forever.

fine buildings were symbol of power and culture. Mughal spent ridiculously on Fine masjids and palaces. e.g Aurangzeb built a personal Pearl Masjid for his own prayers.
there used to be hundred courses of meal at royal courts. after aurangzeb his incompetent successor became more extravagant, leading to financial issues.

Led to infighting and wars of succession, weakening the empire’s stability.
these wars got worse after aurangzebs death, 12 different ppl tried to claim the mughal throne in 10 years. mughal palaces became places of confusion and chaos.
this weakened main administration as there was no strong leader at the centre. this made Every mughal enemy confident.