Pakistan’s relationship with the USSR/Russia has been complex and fluctuating, marked by periods of cooperation and tension
in 1950s -60s The USSR conducted oil and gas surveys in Pakistan, showing early economic collaboration.
in 1972 The USSR helped establish the Pakistan Steel Mills in Karachi, a major industrial project.
in 1963, The USSR provided £11 million in aid, demonstrating financial support.
in 1963 The USSR adopted a more balanced position on Kashmir, differing from its earlier pro-India stance.
in 1966 The USSR mediated the India-Pakistan ceasefire after the 1965 war, playing a peacemaking role.
after the U-2 incident in 1962, When the US shut its Peshawar airbase 1968 Pakistan-Soviet relations improved briefly.
Despite Cold War tensions, Zia attended Soviet leader Andropov’s funeral, maintaining diplomatic courtesy.
in 1955 The USSR vetoed UN resolutions favoring Pakistan, backing India’s claim.
in 1971 The USSR signed a friendship treaty with India and supported Bangladesh’s independence, damaging Pakistan.
in 1950s-60s, Pakistan joined US-led alliances (SEATO, CENTO), angering the USSR.
Pakistan’s role in US-China diplomacy (1971) worsened Soviet relations.
Pakistan backed US-funded Afghan rebels, making it a Cold War adversary of the USSR.
The USSR opposed Pakistan’s nuclear program