Muslim League than for the Congress Party.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [14]
Congress emerged as the dominant party, the Muslim League gained crucial lessons that later helped it secure Pakistan
Muslim League Benefited More:
Before 1937, the Muslim League was disorganized and lacked mass support.
The election defeat exposed weaknesses, forcing the League to reorganize under Jinnah’s leadership.
It realized the need for better campaigning and stronger Muslim unity, which later helped in the 1945-46 elections.
Surprisingly, the League performed better in Muslim-minority provinces (UP, Bombay) than in Muslim-majority regions (Punjab, Bengal).
This showed that religious identity alone was not enough—Muslims in majority areas were more influenced by regional leaders (e.g., Unionists in Punjab).
The League later worked to strengthen its appeal in these key provinces.
The Congress’ refusal to form coalition governments with the League (despite promises) angered Muslims, portraying Congress as anti-Muslim.
This helped the League rebrand itself as the sole defender of Muslim rights, leading to its landslide victory in 1946.
Congress Benefited More
Congress won absolute majorities in 5 provinces (Madras, Bihar, UP, CP, Orissa) and was the largest party in 4 others.
It formed 8 out of 11 provincial governments, giving it real administrative power to implement policies (e.g., Wardha Scheme).
The victory strengthened Congress’ claim that it represented all Indians, including Muslims.
This confidence later led to mistakes (like rejecting coalition governments), but at the time, it boosted Congress’ political prestige.